Orthohepevirinae
| Orthohepevirinae | |
|---|---|
| |
| TEM micrograph of Hepatitis E virus virions | |
Virus classification 
| |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Kitrinoviricota |
| Class: | Alsuviricetes |
| Order: | Hepelivirales |
| Family: | Hepeviridae |
| Subfamily: | Orthohepevirinae |
Orthohepevirinae is a subfamily of viruses assigned to the family Hepeviridae.[1][2] Viruses in the subfamily, called orthohepeviruses, have virions that are characterized by round, non-enveloped and isometric capsids with a diameter of 27–34 nm. The hepatitis E virus belongs this subfamily as the species Paslahepevirus balayani.[1][2]
Genome
[edit]Orthohepeviruses have RNA genomes of 7176 nucleotides in length and infect vertebrates. Additionally, the genome is monopartite, linear, and single-stranded. The genome is 5' capped with a poly A tail at the 3' end. The genome possesses three main open reading frames. The first encodes non-structural proteins, the second encodes the capsid proteins, and the third encodes a small, multifunctional protein.[1]
Hosts
[edit]Viruses from this subfamily have been isolated from a variety of mammals (including rodents, mustelids and bats) as well as birds.[1][3][4] At least three variants of avian hepatitis E virus have been isolated from birds.[5]
Evolution
[edit]One study has suggested that hepeviruses may have originated in birds and then spread to bats and other mammalian species.[3]
Taxonomy
[edit]The subfamily contains the following genera:[2]
- Avihepevirus
- Chirohepevirus
- Paslahepevirus, which contains Hepatitis E virus
- Rocahepevirus
History
[edit]Hepatitis E was first isolated in 1990. It was thought to be restricted to humans until 1997 when it was isolated from pigs.[6] The first isolation from birds was in 2001.[7]
The subfamily shares the name (Orthohepe-) of the former genus Orthohepevirus. This genus was abolished and orthohepeviruses were promoted to the rank of subfamily in 2022 with the establishment of the subfamily that year.[8][9]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d "ICTV Online (10th) Report".
- ^ a b c "Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
- ^ a b Drexler JF, Seelen A, Corman VM, Fumie Tateno A, Cottontail V, Melim Zerbinati R, Gloza-Rausch F, Klose SM, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Oppong SK, Kalko EK, Osterman A, Rasche A, Adam A, Müller MA, Ulrich RG, Leroy EM, Lukashev AN, Drosten C (2012). "Bats worldwide carry hepatitis E virus-related viruses that form a putative novel genus within the family Hepeviridae". J. Virol. 86 (17): 9134–47. doi:10.1128/JVI.00800-12. PMC 3416139. PMID 22696648.
- ^ Marek A, Bilic I, Prokofieva I, Hess M (2010). "Phylogenetic analysis of avian hepatitis E virus samples from European and Australian chicken flocks supports the existence of a different genus within the Hepeviridae comprising at least three different genotypes". Vet. Microbiol. 145 (1–2): 54–61. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.03.014. PMID 20399575.
- ^ Zhao Q, Sun Y, Zhou E (2012). "[Detection and description of avian hepatitis E virus isolated in China—a review]". Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao (in Chinese). 52 (3): 279–85. PMID 22712397.
- ^ Meng XJ, Purcell RH, Halbur PG, Lehman JR, Webb DM, Tsareva TS, Haynes JS, Thacker BJ, Emerson SU (1997). "A novel virus in swine is closely related to the human hepatitis E virus". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (18): 9860–5. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.9860M. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.18.9860. PMC 23282. PMID 9275216.
- ^ Haqshenas G, Shivaprasad HL, Woolcock PR, Read DH, Meng XJ (2001). "Genetic identification and characterization of a novel virus related to human hepatitis E virus from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the United States". J. Gen. Virol. 82 (10): 2449–62. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-82-10-2449. PMID 11562538.
- ^ "Taxon Details: Orthohepevirus". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
- ^ "Taxon Details: Orthohepevirinae". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 23 April 2025.